Guys,
Please discuss the following Curriculum Models:
1. Taba Model - Mark
2. Tyler Model - Hydia and Kathleen
3. Oliva Model - Khristine and Ira
4. Saylor, Alexander and Lewis Model - Lovely and Aimee
I encouraged you to ask questions with the other group for purposes of clarification.
Thanks.
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Tyler Model explains the definition of curriculum is“The planned and guided learning experiences and intended learning outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences, under the auspices of the school, for the learners’ continuous and willful growth in personal social competence.”
ReplyDeletecurriculum are based on a body of theory about teaching & learning.
Are targeted to needs & characteristics of a particular group of learners.
Outline approaches, methods & procedures for implementation.
The Tyler Model of Curriculum Design
The nature & structure of knowledge-Selection of subject matter
Organization of subject matter or discipline
Theoretical basis of methods & approaches
The needs of the society-Literacy
Vocational skills
Social order & morality
Interpersonal skills
Transmission of values & culture
Creativity & innovation
The needs of the learner-Cognitive development
Linguistic development
Psycho-social development
Moral/affective development
Vocational focus
Saylor, Alexander, and Lewis Model states that proposed plan should permit (1) evaluation of the total educational program and (2) evaluation of the program itself. Goals must be identified. Objectives of the curriculum are divided into three:
ReplyDelete• Curriculum Designing – made by the responsible planning groups for a particular educational center. Various influences such as government and social agencies may limit the final output.
• Curriculum Implementation (Instructional) – these are made by responsible teachers which include alternative modes with suggestions from resources, media, and organization thus more flexible for teachers and students.
• Curriculum Designing – decisions as to evaluate procedures in determining the progress of students. Decisions are made to evaluate procedures for evaluating curriculum plans made by the responsible group or teachers which will be the basis of decision-making in future planning.
Olivia Model process that takes the curriculum planner from the sources of the curriculum to evaluation. Involves complete development of a school’s curriculum.
ReplyDeleteThe following is the model broken into steps.
Specify the needs of students in general
Specify the needs of society.
Write a statement of philosophy and aims of education.
Specify the needs of students in your school(s).
Specify the needs of the particular community.
Specify the needs of the subject matter.
Specify the curriculum goals of your school(s).
Specify the curriculum objectives of your school(s).
Organize and implement the curriculum.
Specify instructional goals.
Specify instructional objectives.
Select instructional strategies.
Begin selection of evaluation techniques.
Implement instructional strategies.
Make final selection of evaluation techniques.
Evaluate instruction and modify instructional components.
Evaluate the curriculum and modify curricular components.
hydia Tyler's model represents a rational, logical and systematic approach to curriculum making. It emphasizes objectives. Tyler's models are applicable in varying situations and it prioritizes objectives.Although Tyler did not specify the role of the teacher in curriculum planning, or the differences between curriculum and instruction, he shows how any school can formulate goals and organize its means and resources to shape curriculum and instruction in the desired direction. Tyler offers a thoughtful, easy to follow method. Tyler's model has a rational model of curriculum making. He viewed philosophy solely as a filter for modifying the school's goals and subsequently developing education programs. Tyler covers the basic questions that he believes should be answered by anyone involved in plannng or writing a curriculum for any subject or grade level. These are:
ReplyDelete1. What educational goals should a school seek to accomplish?
2. What educational experiences are likely to lead to these goals?
3. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?
4. How can we determine whether a school's goals are being accomplished?
Ralph W. Tyler described curriculum as a science and an extension of school's philosophy. It clarifies purposes (objectives) by studies of learners and contemporary life, suggestions comes from subject's specialists, and use of philosophy and psychology. His purpose is for the student's needs and interests and its relationship between curriculum and instructions.
His principles is based on a rational processes, using objectives to select and organize learning experiences with the use of evaluation to determine outcomes (whether objectives have been achieved)The subject matter is organized in terms of knowledge, skills and values. He puts emphasis on problem solving and educating a generalist and not a specialist.
Saylor, Alexander, and Lewis (1981) model of curriculum is a deductive type which add instructional practices like 'the lecture method', 'viewing/listening', 'practice/drill', and 'discussion/questioning'.
ReplyDeleteGoals& Objectives:
1. Curriculum Design – decisions as to design made by the responsible curriculum planning groups for a particular educational center. Various prior decisions by political and social agencies may limit final designs.
2. Curriculum Implementation – decisions as to instructional modes made by instructional teachers. The curriculum plan includes alternative modes with suggestions as to resources, media, and organizations thus encouraging flexibility and more freedom for the teachers and the students.
3. Curriculum Evaluation – decisions as to evaluative procedures for determining learner progress made by responsible teachers. Decisions as to evaluative procedures for evaluating the curriculum. Plans are made by the responsible planning group. Evaluative data become bases for decision making in further planning.
For them, curriculum means a plan for providing sets of learning opportunities for persons to be educated. Curriculum planners begin by specifying the major educational goals and specific objectives they wish to be accomplished.
hi..can you explain more the contribution of saylor, alexander and lewis model to the education's curriculum perspective?
DeleteAccording to Hilda Taba the curriculum model may include the following steps
ReplyDelete1. Diagnosis of needs
2. Formulation of objectives
3. Selection of content
4. Organization of content
5. Selection of learning experience
6. Organization of learning experience
7. Determination of what to evaluate and of the ways and means of doing it
Peter Oliva defines curriculum as “a plan or program for all the experiences that the learner encounters under the direction of the school. In practice, the curriculum consists of a number of plans, in written form and of varying scope, that delineate the desired learning experiences. The curriculum, therefore, may be a unit, a course, a sequence of courses, the school’s entire program of studies—and may take place outside of class or school when directed by the personnel of the school”
ReplyDeletePeter Oliva has identified three typical formats for curriculum guides, as described below:
1. The Comprehensive Format
While there may be many "comprehensive" formats used, the one identified by Oliva contains the following (for a particular grade level and subject area):
• Introduction
• Instructional Goals
• Instructional Objectives
• Learning Activities
• Evaluation Techniques
• Resources
He notes that a topical outline is often included, though this format is not intended to be a sequential teaching guide; rather, it is a "supplementary aid"
2. The Sequencing Format
Oliva notes that guides in this format:
• "specify behavioral objectives for each competency area
• indicate at what [grade level] each competency will be taught
• code objectives at each grade level as to whether they are introduced (I), developed (D), mastered (M), reinforced (R), or extended (E) at that level"
3. The Test-Coding Format
Oliva concludes by noting the test-coding format that:
• "lists objectives to be mastered by the learners at each marking period of each grade level of a given discipline
• codes each objective to district, state, and national criterion-referenced and/or norm-referenced tests that are administered by the school district"
Hi Sir I would like to expand my discussion about Hilda Taba Curriculum Model.
ReplyDeleteTaba Model- This model is also known as grass-root approach to curriculum development. IT advocates that the teacher should actively participate in curriculum planning since that teacher knows the situation inside the classroom and besides the curriculum will be easily understand if they involving in developing curriculum. In addition that she also advocate the inductive approach to curriculum development wherein that it will start from the specific and building up to general design. Some books explain that there are 5 steps in accomplishing curriculum change and some said there are 7 steps. I mention above the 7 steps proposed by Taba.
Below is other interpretation of Taba Model.
Five Step Sequence
1. Producing pilot units – this where starting point of the curriculum development. The whole committee (which again the teacher is actively involved) will draft a new curriculum.
2. Testing experiment Units – After they create the new curriculum that teacher will now test the units to establish validity and teachability and set their upper and lower limits of required abilities.
3. Revising and consolidating – in this stage the curriculum will modify to conform to variations of students needs and abilities, available resources and different style of teaching so that the curriculum may suit all types of classrooms
4. Developing a framework – after the number of units is constructed, the curriculum planners must examine them as to adequacy of scope and appropriateness of sequence.
5. Installing and disseminating new units – this stage said to be the official launch of the new curriculum where the administrator arrange appropriate in-service training so that teachers may effectively put the teaching-learning units into operation in their classrooms.